Small World Discoveries
by Tony Enticknap - tickspics
Taking a close look at insects and other small species that can be found in and around East Dorset and the New Forest ...
ASCOMYCOTA | LECANOROMYCETES > TELOSCHISTALES > Teloschistaceae
Genus Xanthoria, meaning 'golden yellow'
Common name: Sunburst Lichen
Synonym: -
Habitat: Woodland, wayside trees, fences
Substrata: Bark, worked wood
Growth form: Corticolous and lignicolous in the context of this page
Thallus: Foliose
Apothecia: Lecanorine
BLS identity rating: Graded 1/5 (identification should be straightforward)
Variable appearance, both colour and form, dependent on habitat and exposure to the sun, hence the three entries - coastal, woodland and montane.
Thallus forming neat individual rosettes, typically between 5-15cm dia., or, occasionally, more extensive patches that may create small colonies; thallus composed of loosely adpressed flat or wrinkled, smooth lobes, up to 7mm wide especially at the margin of the thallus where they widen, the precise form of the lobes varies slightly between specimens in exposed coastal locations where they may be shorter and more tightly applied to rock, to those in less exposed woodland sites for example where the lobes may be slightly longer and looser; with larger, older specimens it is very common for the centre of the thallus to break up; colour also varies from bright yellow-orange or gold-orange in sunny locations, to greenish-yellow or greenish-grey in shaded situations, such as in woodland; apothecia are usually numerous, sessile, from 2-5mm dia., disc flat to concave, orange to yellow-orange if exposed to the sun, or greenish in less exposed locations, with either a pale or concolourous thalline margin.
The variation in colour is due to the chemical xanthorin, which is thought to be produced as a defence against UV radiation and, consequently, is far more evident when the lichen is fully exposed to the sun, such as on coastal rocks, cement tiled roofs or exposed tree branches. When it is growing in the shade, it does not require the same level of protection, so the xanthorin isn't produced and the lichen remains greenish-grey. In, or after, rain it appears more greenish-yellow as the algae is more visible through the more translucent fungus.
Xanthoria parietina is a very common and widespread species, occurring on nutrient-rich trees, rocks and walls, especially bird-perching sites, such as coastal rocks where gulls rest, or on roofs under aerials. The coastal section has a separate entry as this page is only for photos taken on trees or weathered timber.
In shaded woodland locations you can really see the colour difference. Here they are very greenish-yellow, whereas those found in more exposed locations, are much more colourful; perhaps best described as bright-yellow, rather than the really intense yellow-orange or gold-orange that the coastal form of the species shows when growing on fully exposed sun-lit rocks.
Moors Valley CP, Ashley Heath, East Dorset
Church Road Woodland, Three Legged Cross, East Dorset
Hartland Moor, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset
Garston Wood, Cranborne Chase, East Dorset
Slop Bog, Ferndown, East Dorset
Holt Heath, Mannington, East Dorset
Holt Heath, Mannington, East Dorset
Three Legged Cross (garden), East Dorset